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    risk

    Beta

    A measure of how strongly a portfolio moves with the broader market, where 1 means in line, above 1 means more volatile, below 1 means more defensive.

    Beta is the slope from regressing portfolio returns on benchmark returns. It separates market-driven movement from idiosyncratic moves.

    Formula

    \beta = \frac{Cov(R_p, R_m)}{Var(R_m)}

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