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    risk

    Conditional Value-at-Risk (95%)

    The average loss in the worst 5% of outcomes, capturing how bad things look beyond the VaR cutoff.

    CVaR is preferred over VaR because it is coherent (subadditive) and pays attention to tail severity. It is the standard tail risk measure in modern risk management.

    Formula

    CVaR_{95} = E[L \mid L \ge VaR_{95}]

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